Clone :: essays research papers

Pre-Mature Decision Millions of people pour into movie theatres every weekend to view movies about sports, romance, politics, and Science Fiction. While most of these movies are meant exclusively for entertainment, occasionally people will leave a theatre believing what they had viewed. Science fiction movies do this very well, especially when it comes to the topic of cloning. These movies from time to time have involved cloning machines, where a character walks into the machine and out he comes along with his clone. This might have made the movie enjoyable, but have put the idea of cloning in a bad light. There are many reasons why the public fears cloning, however, most fears are unsupported. People are afraid of cloning just as they are afraid of anything new in their lives. This immature fear led congressional representatives to an immediate ban of all research and practice of cloning. Cloning should have never been banned, the action taken was inappropriate and had absolutely no factual reasoning. The statement that "Humans are not guinea pigs" is one of the most common claims made by those who oppose cloning. However, in all morally relevant respects, this is not true. Every one of us is an experiment; a result of a couple of people getting together in the back of a car, a hotel room, or some dark and secluded part of the house, throwing together the ingredients that created us. In many cases, the people who created us may not have even wanted to form a person by their actions, though they did. In this respect, clones will be far further from being guinea pigs than most people who are conceived through traditional methods. Which means that if the cry "humans are not guinea pigs" really has some sort of moral force, it would argue for prohibiting traditional reproduction long before it will have any applicability to cloning (Fyfe par. 26-30). Another very common fear is that cloning will be used to create armies or slaves. Armies and slaves can be created faster and more cheaply by other means than cloning. This fear of a â€Å"2nd Holocaust† is very frivolous. It is unlikely that clones will ever be mass-produced as some people fear. Women would have to go through having to bear them , not mentioning that someone also has to raise them. This is an important point that much discussion about cloning overlooks.

An Ideal Life

Life- this word carries with itself tremendous importance. it is a gift to all of mankind from the eternal Almighty. This is indicates that one has to use it to the fullest and not preserve it as an artifact. Life is above all our belongings. Nowadays,people live life for only one thing,the thing that can soothe even an Iron man's heart,  money. People use fraudulent methods, practices and techniques to amass wealth,but this is not the life the eternal force wanted us to live. Many perish to the perils in life but life has to be so lest it would be like a person being spoon-fed. The eternal force wanted us to live a happy and satisfied life. Money is not a matter of concern. Serving humanity until life topples down,leaving our legacy behind for others to follow are the building blocks of an ideal life. People are remembered for their deeds and not for how long they lived. Mahatma Gandhi is the perfect example for a person with an ideal life. Simple style of living,having one's goals set and the determination to achieve them,no inclination towards negative values were the spotlight of Gandhi's life. Today we find such things rubbish and behave in an exact antithetical manner in comparison to Gandhi's life. Yet it is Mahatma Gandhi's photo that is printed on the Indian Currency Note and not ours. Hence. we should to try to live a life like the Mahatma himself. Life should be utilized to the fullest and must be our cherished possession always. Leading an ideal life will keep our reputation intact and create an example for others to follow. We shall be remembered for years together. An Ideal Life Life- this word carries with itself tremendous importance. it is a gift to all of mankind from the eternal Almighty. This is indicates that one has to use it to the fullest and not preserve it as an artifact. Life is above all our belongings. Nowadays,people live life for only one thing,the thing that can soothe even an Iron man's heart,  money. People use fraudulent methods, practices and techniques to amass wealth,but this is not the life the eternal force wanted us to live. Many perish to the perils in life but life has to be so lest it would be like a person being spoon-fed. The eternal force wanted us to live a happy and satisfied life. Money is not a matter of concern. Serving humanity until life topples down,leaving our legacy behind for others to follow are the building blocks of an ideal life. People are remembered for their deeds and not for how long they lived. Mahatma Gandhi is the perfect example for a person with an ideal life. Simple style of living,having one's goals set and the determination to achieve them,no inclination towards negative values were the spotlight of Gandhi's life. Today we find such things rubbish and behave in an exact antithetical manner in comparison to Gandhi's life. Yet it is Mahatma Gandhi's photo that is printed on the Indian Currency Note and not ours. Hence. we should to try to live a life like the Mahatma himself. Life should be utilized to the fullest and must be our cherished possession always. Leading an ideal life will keep our reputation intact and create an example for others to follow. We shall be remembered for years together.

Benefits and Disadvantages of Being Part of a Team Sport

TEAM SPORT ASSIGMENT There are both benefits and disadvantages of being a part of a team sport. For this assignment, I have listed the pros and cons below, giving a brief but detailed description of each reason stated for both sides of the argument. Pros: †¢ teaches interdependence †¢ teaches cooperation †¢ theres always a replacement when someone is hurt or tired †¢ theres less pressure (people arent always looking at you) Friendship Playing sports enables you to create friendships you otherwise might not have formed. Sports bring teens together from different schools, backgrounds, and communities. Many times, the friendships you create on the field remain intact even when you are not playing sports. Starting a team is a great way†¦show more content†¦One has to carefully consider that they have enough time to make sure that everybody on the team knows exactly whats going on. Communication Problems We all have the fear of one day showing up for a game only to realize somebody forgot to tell us it was cancelled. Poor communication within a sports team can lead to problems. It is up to the team itself to identify the problem, and seek out solutions to improve communication with the team, and keeping everyone informed. Defeat Nobody likes to lose. But one needs to be prepared for the worst, and not give up when and if it occurs. It develops perseverance and determination in a person, and allows a person to learn never to give up, but to keep on trying until you are able to win. Of course, it can also demotivate an athlete and discourage them from further being part of the team, etc. No personal development Team sports can show you personal skills that can help the team as a group, but as a person, sometimes it is necessary for the coach to see you personally to develop you physically, socially, and mentally; and one can’t develop personally if the coach doesn’t take time to teach and hone those skills because they are with another person. A team member can feel ignored, overlooked and evenShow MoreRelatedSports Marketing And Finished Off With A Personal Reflection1597 Words   |  7 Pagesthere is underlying importance on sport and sports fans. Not only do sports have multiple benefits of being able to provide health and prevention messages but there is a negative side to everything. The topic of this essay is to highlight the unique characteristics of sports fans as consumers and identify and discuss the implications for sports marketing. As a final personal statement comment on yourself a s a consumer of one particular sport. The publicity of sports and their fans is slowly developingRead MoreThe Relationship Between Personality And Sports And Exercise1360 Words   |  6 PagesConsiderable amounts of research have been carried out on the relationship between personality and sport and exercise. A psychologist known as Eysenck introduced the Personality Theory in which he believed personality traits to have a ‘biological basis’ (Eysenck, H.J 1987). In addition, he also believed personality could be influenced by external factors such as the environment. Eysenck has indicated that there are, at least, three major dimensions of personality variation in the general human populationRead MorePros and Cons of Organized Sports for Youths1702 Words   |  7 Pages Pros and Cons of Organized Sports for Youths Sports in America are one of the biggest sensations around. They are everywhere you turn and they become a big part of most people’s lives, whether they actually participate in the sport or just watch it on television. Media and television play a huge role in the obsession for sports. Constantly you see a professional athlete on a commercial, and see games on throughout the day. Also sports becomes a business, they sell their jerseys, or picturesRead MoreSocial Media And Its Impact On Society1664 Words   |  7 Pagesdecisions [that represent your team, the department, the institution, and your family]. What’s unique about social media is the immediacy by which many people have a thought and then share a thought† (Bowles). Aside from athletics, students hoping to attend college are often required to give their Twitter handle as a section on the application. Unfortunately, in the world we live in, social media determines a significant part of a young individua ls life. While sports hold great importance in ourRead MoreSports And High School Are Beneficial848 Words   |  4 PagesSports in High School are Beneficial Students are people who study at school or college. At school students, lives are divided into two sections such as academic and athletic. During high school, sports become a good portion of students’ lives. Some parents send their children to study at school and considers sports a distraction to studies. A true sport requires energy, time, and determination..There are a few disadvantages to playing sports in High School but there are even more benefits to playingRead MoreNational Hockey League Paper1658 Words   |  7 PagesNational Hockey League was established as a non-profit entity in 1917 by 26 teams to govern the league. They had been very successful over the past 75 years with very little exposure. They have thrilled fans and provide financial returns for their owners. Their primary goal is to take hockey to a next level and makes it more popular. They are not worried about competition and are only concerned with overall growth for the sport, the owners, the players a nd the fans. Due to a recent labour dispute, allRead MoreGender in Sports986 Words   |  4 PagesDifferences in Sports For plenty of years the women nature has been looked upon as homemakers, hairdressers, wives and mothers. As women step out into the world to pursue dreams, careers, and aspirations, many have come across the issues of playing on male teams. With the decline of women sports in high school, college and the Olympics, women are starting to train their self to play with the men causing this case to become more and more popular. Many women are finding spots on teams that are withinRead MoreSports Enthusiasts Love And Enjoy Watching Their Favorite Team Play1335 Words   |  6 PagesSports enthusiasts love and enjoy watching their favorite team play. The best student athletes have the prestige of representing and playing for their universities. These student-athletes receive various opportunities from their universities in order to continue pursuing their higher education. However becoming a student-athlete often has some disadvantages such as not getting paid for their hard work and ded ication in the field. Having a poor academic achievement, consuming drugs and steroids, andRead MoreSports and Society1167 Words   |  5 PagesMotivation Sport is commonly seen as a part of society. Although one finds the role of sport in society more important than others, the fact is that sports is an essential component of our society. Since sport is a part of our society, it automatically has an influence on its functioning. This means that if groundbreaking things happen in sports, there will directly be noticeable consequences in everyday life. If we talk about effects in the long run, the so-called Heysel tragedy is a good exampleRead MoreShould College Athletes Be Paid?1644 Words   |  7 Pages Should College Athletes Be Paid? Over the past few decades college sports has grown in popularity across the United States. But it hasn’t been until recent years that many Americans have started to argue about the big revenues generated by many of the elite sports programs. However the big question that stands out is: should the athletes generating millions of dollars worth of profit a year for their University receive any of the money for their performance? Even though student athletes don’t receive

Issues and Problems in the Philippine Educational System...

Issues and Problems in the Philippine Educational System: A Challenge Towards the Attainment of Quality Education Our country has gone through many changes and development for the past few years. The continuous process made great impacts in the lives of millions of Filipinos. Relatively, the changes have given us advantages not to mention the disadvantages it brought causing downfall to many people. There are numerous questions concerning the issues and problems existing in the Philippine Educational System as to how we can resolve it the best way we could to attain that kind of quality of education we have been searching and longing for. Where do we begin and how do we respond to such? Public schools are the building blocks of our†¦show more content†¦This gives emphasis on the competence and efficiency of the teachers in his or her academic duties at all times otherwise a teacher who has consistently shows his inability to efficiently perform his duties and responsibilities, within common performance standards should not be allowed to stay in school. Aside from this, teachers n ot only need training in the preparation and development of instructional materials, but they must also be given financial support to produce these. It is also a must for teachers to undergo trainings and seminars to attain professional development; and (b) Evaluate Students: Determine Level of Learning Competencies. This is done by carefully giving and identifying the needs for every subject as prescribed by the school authority. In addition, upgrading the teachers salary scale is also a good way to promote it. Teachers have been underpaid; thus there is very little incentive for most of them to take up advanced trainings. In terms of budgeting, there is a need to amend the current system of budgeting for education across regions, which is based on participation rates and units costs. This clearly favors the more developed regions. There is a need to provide more allocation to lagging regions to narrow the disparity acrossShow MoreRelated2010 Secondary Education Curriculum in Engl ish6955 Words   |  28 PagesRepublic of the Philippines Department of Education Bureau of Secondary Education Curriculum Development Division Pasig City March 26, 2010 TABLE OF CONTENTS ii I. II. III. IV. V. Introduction Conceptual Framework in English Concept Matrix Performance Matrix Program and General Standards Three-Stage Curriculum Framework Annexes A. B. The Monitoring and Evaluation of the Implementation of the 2002 Secondary Education Curriculum: Findings and Recommendations Guide Questions for the Review of theRead MoreRBEC and K-124487 Words   |  18 Pageswith instructional content, materials, resources and processes for evaluating the attainment of educational objectives. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curriculum) Curriculum is an important part of education which serves as a guide for an educational institution on how to facilitate the learning process of the students. It is also an integral part of the each educational institution for it specifies the needed educational instructions that the learners needs for their growth and development. CurriculumRead MoreFactors Affecting the Learners’ Achievement in the Alternative Learning System (Als) Programs15448 Words   |  62 PagesTHE LEARNERS’ ACHIEVEMENT IN THE ALTERNATIVE LEARNING SYSTEM (ALS) PROGRAMS A Thesis Presented to the Faculty of the Graduate School St. Peter’s College Iligan City In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Arts in Education Major in Educational Management by AVEMAR TODIO GONZAGA March 2010 APPROVAL SHEET This thesis entitled â€Å"FACTORS AFFECTING THE LEARNERS’ ACHIEVEMENT IN THE ALTERNATIVE LEARNING SYSTEM (ALS) PROGRAMS† prepared and submitted by AVEMAR T.Read MoreFactors Affecting the Career Choice of Senior High School Students9169 Words   |  37 PagesFACULTY OF THE SOUTHERN PHILIPPINES AGRI – BUSINESS AND MARINE AND AQUATIC SCHOOL OF TECHNOLOGY, MATTI, DIGOS CITY, IN THE FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ARTS IN EDUCATION (Educational Administration) OCTOBER 2012 APPROVAL SHEET This thesis entitled â€Å"FACTORS AFFECTING CAREER CHOICE OF STUDENTS IN MABAMA† prepared and submitted by DAMIAN II A. ABAYON in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in Education, is hereby accepted. ZANDRORead MoreHiv/Aids Summary of Research Study8804 Words   |  36 PagesCHAPTER I THE PROBLEM Introduction Infection with the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) results in destruction of the body’s host defenses and immune system leading to the condition called Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS). HIV-AIDS is one of the world’s greatest public health crises. For many years, because of lack of understanding and effective treatment, it is now considered a rapidly progressing fatal disease. HIV infection in humans is considered pandemic by the World HealthRead MoreComparative Study of Education System of Philippines and England9434 Words   |  38 Pagesbiggest problems and focus of government in the Philippines is to find solution of the current problems facing our education today., is the decrease of quality students produced by secondary level thus the Department of Education is planning to implement additional two years of high schooling in order to boost it so that our country can able to produce a globally competitive students like the country of England. H owever, the additional two years in high school and adopting the education system of EnglandRead MorePerformance of Sdssu in the Licensure Examination for Teachers4594 Words   |  19 PagesCHAPTER 1 THE PROBLEM AND ITS SETTINGS Introduction High percentage of LET passers contributes greatly to the accreditation of education programs of a certain college or university. This, aside from adding zest within the vicinity of school academe, is the reason why schools offering education courses crave for high percentage of LET passers (Philippine Journal of Education, 2005). Today, prospective teachers must clear a series of hurdles to obtain and maintain a teaching certificate - one ofRead MoreDiscussion Paper on the Enhanced K+12 Basic Education Program in the Philippines C/O Deped3979 Words   |  16 PagesPAPER ON THE ENHANCED K+12 BASIC EDUCATION PROGRAM DepEd discussion paper 05 October 2010    1    Discussion Paper As of 05 October 2010    DISCUSSION PAPER ON THE ENHANCED K+12 BASIC EDUCATION PROGRAM Table of Contents RATIONALE............................................................................................................... 3 HISTORICAL BACKGROUND .................................................................................. 5 EDUCATION VISION .......................Read Morefactors affecting the english proficiency of fourth year students4201 Words   |  17 PagesIn Philippine education system, high school students with ages ranging from 12 to 17 are expected to have already basic knowledge of English and the four communication skills which will enable them to function satisfactorily in certain English communication situations. The basic goal of high school English is to enhance the students’ knowledge and skills so that they can function effectively in any situation which requires the use of English particularly in a classroom setting that challenges theirRead MoreEconomy of the Philippines7166 Words   |  29 Pagesthe Philippines Kathy Wallace February 19, 2012 Regis University MSM661 Jim Zelenski Abstract The Philippines is one of eight countries that comprise Southeast Asia. A mass of thousands of islands, the country has been struggling to obtain true democracy and freedom for its citizens. After a review of the political history and demographics of the country, an in-depth analysis of the economic condition of the Philippines will be explored. Appendix A contains a map of the Philippines by different

Advertising Mixture of Art and Science - 966 Words

Advertising: Advertising allows us to communicate a salient message to a large group of consumers faster than any other form of communication. It allows us to truly connect with the consumer; it gives us an opportunity to develop an ongoing relationship between the consumer and a brand. At its best, advertising will create a sense of urgency for the consumer, awareness often honest and accurate that there are products, places, styles or sensibilities that cry out for action or attention. Advertising is a compendium of all communications that consumer sees, feels, touches, hears, smells, and so on. If they are walking through a store, the packaging on particular product is advertising. If they are at home, the direct mail they receive in†¦show more content†¦So, discipline isn’t something that s nice if we have time for it; it s mandatory. We can t just wing it. In years past, advertising agencies have had the reputations of being free-thinking, free-wheeling, free-spending bastion s of creative largesse where folks think, do and create great things all day long. But anyone who has worked in the business knows that the creative part is the figurative tip of the iceberg: It only represents about 10% of what we do. The rest of the time is spent learning, researching, understanding, and massaging information so that we can actually deliver a message that makes sense and produces results. Conclusion: Advertising has been described as something that interrupts someone s attention long enough to be able to sell them something. Fundamentally, you are imposing yourself intruding upon someone s time and finding a way to connect with a passive mind in a very brief period to help inform or intrigue with something that has value to that person. That’s what advertising is. The art relates to the entertainment qualities, which are there to capture interest.Show MoreRelatedArchitecture : Design And Method Of Construction1077 Words   |  5 Pagesstructures, but it is also the art and science of the design process of these structures, as well as the design and method of construction. Studying architecture will give students a thorough insight and appreciation of structures that are around us every day, but also give the opportunity to study and look to the future of design and how ideas and plans can be made real and then implemented. What A Levels do I need? An architecture degree is a unique one as it has a mixture of both scientific and artisticRead MoreDance and Fashion1697 Words   |  7 Pages Danceable Fashion or Fashionable Dance: Either way, it works! A Concept Paper Presented to Prof. Robert Rodriguez Division of Humanities, College of Arts and Sciences University of the Philippines in the Visayas, Miagao, Iloilo In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Course in Communications 2 By Nohr Malynne Tabares February 5, 2013 There’s an exciting fashion trend happening – dance. The dance and fashion industries seem to be increasingly joining forces, with dance companiesRead MoreDance and Fashion1708 Words   |  7 Pages Danceable Fashion or Fashionable Dance: Either way, it works! A Concept Paper Presented to Prof. Robert Rodriguez Division of Humanities, College of Arts and Sciences University of the Philippines in the Visayas, Miagao, Iloilo In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Course in Communications 2 By Nohr Malynne Tabares February 5, 2013 There’s an exciting fashion trend happening – dance. The dance and fashion industries seem to be increasingly joining forces, with dance companiesRead MoreA Massive Earthquake, A Nuclear Emergency, And A Tsunami1685 Words   |  7 Pagesand gain more customers and their loyalty for more sales. Since Honda’s supply chain that was predominantly localized in the Unites States had restrictions the company had a gradual recovery from the natural disasters. Although products can be a mixture of both a service and a good, â€Å"manufacturers produce a tangible product, while service products are often intangible† (Heizer et al., 2014). Service operations and manufacturing operations are the same because they both aim at meeting customer needsRead MoreThe Right Target Market Essay1456 Words   |  6 Pagessegment is directly related to the competitive strength and cost effectiveness of the company. Even a small market may be profitable if the company has competitive pre-eminence  · Accessibility - A segment must be accessible through advertising, other promotional media, and distributive networks.  · Self containment - Preferably a product launched at a market segment should not take demand from another product in the companys range.  · Marketing mix response - TheRead MoreCoca-Cola Advertising5097 Words   |  21 Pagesof Coca-Cola Advertising Campaigns (1886 - 2007) The Development of Coca-Cola Advertising Campaigns (1886 -2007) | 3  © Copyright by Aleksandra Kulawik e-bookowo 2009 ISBN 978-83-61184-69-0 Wydawca: Wydawnictwo internetowe e-bookowo www.e-bookowo.pl Kontakt: wydawnictwo@e-bookowo.pl Wszelkie prawa zastrzeÃ… ¼one. Kopiowanie, rozpowszechnianie części lub caÅ‚oÅ›ci bez zgody wydawcy zabronione Wydanie I 2009 www.e-bookowo.pl The Development of Coca-Cola Advertising Campaigns (1886Read MoreEssay about Mittell’s Television Genre Theory and Louie 2316 Words   |  10 PagesCultural Approach to Television Genre Theory† argues that the application of film and literary genre theory do not fully translate when analyzing television, because of â€Å"the specific industry and audience practices unique to television, or for the mixture of fictional and nonfictional programming that constitutes the lineup on nearly every TV channel. 2† The goal of media genre studies, Mittell asserts, is to understand how media is arranged within the contexts of production and reception, and howRead MoreAdvertising Effectiveness Essay 23052 Words   |  13 PagesADVERTISING EFFECTIVENESS CONCEPTUAL STUDY OF PROMOTION MIX People no longer buy shoes to keep there feet warm and dry. They buy them because of the way the shoes make them feel masculine, feminine, rugged, different, sophisticated, young, glamorous, in buying shoes has become an emotional experience . Our business now is selling excitement rather than shoes. - Francis C. Rooney Modern marketing calls for more than developing a good product it attractively and making it accessible to target customersRead MoreEssay about Consumer Behaviour: Case Example of Loreal5020 Words   |  21 Pagesactive cosmetics. L’Oreal advertising is one of the most important factors affected purchasing decision. The advertising is available anywhere both inside and outside home. Recent research suggests that people spend two and a half hours on average watching television (Dekinson R, cited emeraidinsight, 2003). Typically every company realise an essential of advertising as it is shown in the profit and loss statement. Moreover it is noticeable that budget for advertising always high. It is well-knownRead MoreTapal Tea Marketing Report12701 Words   |  51 Pages100% Pakistani owned Tea Company in the country. It has modern tea blending and packaging factories, warehouses equipped with state-of-the-art equipment and a team of highly dynamic professionals headed by Aftab Tapal himself. He was the first to introduce soft packs in the country. He developed an entirely new brand and category- Tapal’s Family Mixture (the mixture of tea dust). Mr. Aftab Tapal was the first to invent the highly successful brand Danedar Leaf Blend. In December 1997, Tapal Tea became

Market vs Planned Economy free essay sample

When considering the advantages and disadvantages of command and market economies, it may seem like one economic system is better than another, but it all depends on what the viewer deems important. In a market economy, individuals, rather than governments, make the majority of decisions regarding work, consumption, and production. In contrast, a command system is based upon government decision making concerning production, output of goods and services, and use of resources. Both have their good points and their bad, but, each is aimed towards a community that will make use of it. In a market economy, the advantages are normally aimed towards the middle/upper class in a community. We will write a custom essay sample on Market vs Planned Economy or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The concept of a market economy is to allow people to get through life by themselves. People have the ability to make as much money as they can and do what is in their best interest. The whole system revolves around freedom and private gain where in a planned economy, the system is based upon government control and equality among everyone in a community. The key decisions of what products to produce, how the products are going to be produced, and for whom they are going to be produced are the suppliers prerogative unlike the case of the centralized economy. In a free market, competition is encouraged among businesses to increase efficiency and to allow sellers the freedom to increase or decrease prices according to changing market conditions. Almost always, the demand for a good or service will be met. With government’s little interference in the operation of markets except to mainly protect its property rights, a free market system has it’s downfalls too (enotes. om : economic systems). One major problem in a market economy is that it doesnt always provide the basic needs to everyone in the society. The weak, sick, disabled, and old sometimes have trouble providing for themselves and often slip into poverty. With a market economy, companies are continually being forced out of business due to bigger and better technolog y and the competition of lower paid workers. As a result, those companies employees are now unemployed and losing their means of income. Lower paid workers, who can’t consume goods and services like the average employer produces a problem of overproduction of goods. Individuals look at the free market system as social inequality. The rich are getting richer, and the poor are getting poorer (Market Economy: Advantages and Disadvantages By Bertell Ollman). Living in a planned economy, advantages would be seen as government trying to eliminate all private property and distributing its goods and services equally. Every decision based on the production of goods and services is guided by what they believe is good for the country. If done correctly no one is in poverty and no one is wealthier than another. Social services are also stressed in a planned economy. The government will provide equal health care, education opportunities, and make sure all people are fed. A final major advantage of command economies is that they are very stable. Command economies will never have sudden depressions. This form of economic equality also has its disadvantages. In command economies there is very little freedom. The individual usually doesnt have the opportunity to decide what they want to do for a career and they have no control over the goods they receive. Another major problem is that there is little reason for innovations, hard work, or quality of the work. Since everyone’s income is equal, there isn’t a desire to work hard. Lastly, there is little focus on consumer wants (www. economywatch. com: Command Economy). In conclusion, every country has scarce resources and the two economic systems mentioned above are designed to allocate these resources, through a production system, to provide output for their citizens. They both have their own unique positives and negatives. And even though the market based economy is better overall, it really depends on what the viewer considers important.

Physical Agents Range of Energy Sources

Question: Discuss about the Physical Agents for Range of Energy Sources. Answer: Physical agents are described as the wide range of energy sources in an industrial area, which can cause several kinds of illness, injury or disease. These include vibration, noise, unfavorable thermal environment, radiations and lighting (Nanda Pring, 2012). Unsatisfactory level of this physical agent is considered as the physical hazards in workplace. In this essay, the main concern is to consider the effects of these physical agents in the industrial work area and the control measures that are developed and implemented in state, national and international level. It has been revealed that, the physical agents are associated with the workplace, but their level of exposure is mainly responsible for the negative effects of the physical agents (Deakin Morris, 2012). Therefore, managing the exposure of these physical agents in the organization can help to reduce the harmful effects of these physical agents in the workplace (Nanda Pring, 2012). Thus, this essay will consider the regul ations and legislations provided in the national and international level to control the exposure of the physical agents. In this essay, noise has been selected as the physical agent, which will be discussed in the following paragraphs. The effect of noise pollution on health capabilities has been recognized for centuries. The industrial noise pollution is also not uncommon (Nlisse et al., 2012). The high level of noise induces hearing loss, which worsens more, if appropriate protections are not used. It has been estimated that in USA, about 10 million people are suffering from hearing impairment, fully or partly due to the high level of noise exposure in their workplace pollution (Dolzer Schreuer, 2012). In UK, 170, 000 people are experiencing deafness, tinnitus or other hearing impairments, which have been worsened by work related noise pollution. The risk of noise induced hearing loss enhances greatly at noise levels more than 90 dB (A) (Sands Peel, 2012). However, according to the WHOs Regional Strategy for health and environment 2014-2019 for eastern Mediterranean reported that UAE has a very low mortality resulted from environmental or work place related noise pollution, in comparison to the other nations st atus of workplace related noise pollution (Dolzer Schreuer, 2012). In United Kingdom, noise at work is the common cause of hearing loss. The nation has undertaken several initiatives for improving the ambient air quality and noise pollution. The social level of noise has been set for less than or equals to 55 decibels between 7 am to 8 pm and 45 decibels between 8 pm to 7 am should be provided to the employees, in order to make give them a hazard free environment (Brammer et al., 2012). Noise regulation includes guidelines regarding the sound transmission established by the national, state or municipal/ local level of government. The UK government has influenced the government and public sectors to address the noise pollution related issues while emphasizing upon the implementation of noise control technology for improving peoples living quality and performance standards in their workplace (Sliwinska-Kowalska Davis, 2012). Exposure to high level of noise at work place damages the cells inside the ear, which can lead to temporary or permanent hearing loss. The control of Noise at work regulations 2005 needs employers to stop or decrease the risk of health and safety from exposure to noise in workplace. This regulation requires that the employers undertake the following steps: Reduce the exposure of noise by assessing the risks to employees Ensuring the legal limits of the exposure of noise is not exceeding Informing the employees about the risks and providing required training for their safety concern Carrying out the health surveillance at the risky area Providing protecting measures like ear protections, where the noise exposure cannot be reduced, for instance in manufacturing or mining industry The aim of the control of noise at work regulation 2005 is to ensure that employees hearing capability is protected from the exposure of excessive noise at the workplace, which may lead to permanent or complete hearing loss or impairment. The regulation defines the exposure action values, which is the levels of noise exposure, if exceeded, require you to take specific action. The lower action value is 80dBA and upper action value is 85 dBA. The peak sound pressure has been limited by 140 dBA (Nlisse et al., 2012). The employers and employees should comply with the exposure limits, which is one aspect of the legal duties under the noise regulations. The international standard ISO 4869-1:1990, Acoustics Hearing protectors Part 1: Subjective method for the measurement of sound attenuation provides the assessment techniques for protecting from noise at workplace. ISO/TS 4869-5: 2006 Acoustics -- Hearing protectors -- Part 5: Method for estimation of noise reduction using fitting by inexperienced test subjects also provides the assessment methods for noise reduction (Barlow Castilla-Sanchez, 2012). The regulations and legislations provides the responsibilities to both the employees and employers for safe practice in the workplace by managing the noise exposure at workplace. In this context, the Health and Safety in Employment Act, 1992 includes the following: Section 6: Employers should be responsible to ensure the safety of employees at work Section 7: Employers should be accountable for identifying the hazards and determine their significance Section 8: Employers should tale all required steps to avoid excessive noise at workplace Section 9: If the excessive noise cannot be removed, the employer should isolate the employees from it Section 10: Employers should accountable for minimizing the excessive exposure of noise through administrative/engineering mean and should ensure that employers are protected from the exposure of noise by the appropriate hearing protectors (Brammer et al., 2012). They are also accountable for monitoring the noise exposure and hearing capabilities Section 13: Employers are responsible for ensuring the provision of appropriate noise protecting measures with noise reducing training, from which employees would be able to understand the appropriate way of using those protecting measures Section 19: Employees are responsible for ensuring their own safety at work, by using correct noise control measures or protector equipments for noise protection The international labor law included the responsibilities of employees and employers to protect against the noise exposure in the workplace, which is beyond the tolerance level. According to the international labor law, it is the duty of the employers to provide the required protection equipments to the employees, to keep them safe. The personal protective equipment and limitations of noise exposure time should be provided to the employees, in order to make give them a hazard free environment (Brammer et al., 2012). There are several ear protection instruments, provided to the employees to keep risks away temporarily. These standards also depicts that the employer should give effort to ensure that the employees are using the personal protective equipment that are provided to them at workplace. There are different types of personal protective equipments including earplug, ear muffs, helmet, disposable earplug or specialized ear protector. These protective equipments should be monitore d for measuring their functionality (Slowther et al., 2012). The international labor organization provided standards to control noise in the work environment. These ILO standards mainly include the measurement of risk, personal protective equipments, time of exposure, monitoring and health supervision (Barlow Castilla-Sanchez, 2012). The ILO principles set for workplaces, should be followed by the employers and employees worldwide, because it helps in the establishment of control programs for individual plants. In addition to the national and international perspectives related to the noise pollution and control measures, the federal government in London introduced the Noise-by-law. The enforcement of noise by-law is the split between the London police service and London city (Preston-Shoot McKimm, 2012). The federal govt. also provided the opportunity to grant other noise-related complaints. Even if in the workplace, the noise is related to the work activities, employees are free to express and inform their concern with significant considera tion. In this context, a co-operative behavior is also expected from the groups (Sliwinska-Kowalska Davis, 2012). In conclusion, it has been revealed that noise is a significant physical agent that causes health hazards at its overexposure at workplace. National, international and federal government have undertaken several initiatives for controlling workplace related noise exposure for ensuring employees health and safety at workplace. In this context, it has been revealed that the rate of workplace noise related health hazards is significantly affecting employees health in UK. For this, UK government has undertaken several steps including the development and implementation of legislations and noise regulations, which highlighted the limitation of noise level and the responsibilities of employers, employees and other stakeholders in reducing noise-exposure. In addition, several ear protection measures have been highlighted in the national and international standards along with their usage. Therefore, it can be concluded that UK government has provided significant effort for protecting health an d safety of the employees at work. Reference List Barlow, C., Castilla-Sanchez, F. (2012). 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